ARCH-C-14: Kinetic Particle Theory, Heating/Cooling Phase Curves, Fractional Distillation & Gas Diffusion

Compare room temperature ($T = +25\,^\circ\text{C}$) against each substance's melting point ($\text{mp}$) and boiling point ($\text{bp}$): (1) **Substance $\text{X}$:** $-10\,^\circ\text{C} < 25\,^\circ\text{C} < 60\,^\circ\text{C}$ ($\text{mp} < T < \text{bp}$), so $\text{X}$ is a liquid. (2) **Substance $\text{Y}$:** $25\,^\circ\text{C} > -85\,^\circ\text{C}$ ($T > \text{bp}$), so $\text{Y}$ is a gas. (3) **Substance $\text{Z}$:** $25\,^\circ\text{C} < +45\,^\circ\text{C}$ ($T < \text{mp}$), so $\text{Z}$ is a solid (~85s).