P2: Magnetism, Motor Effect and Electromagnetic Induction
Official Cambridge & Imperial ESAT specification requirements for Magnetism, Motor Effect and Electromagnetic Induction on the Physics paper. Understand the syllabus boundaries, spot distractor traps engineered by examiners, and master the 2-step Sub-90 shortcuts that compress solve time well below the 88.8-second cutoff.
Official Syllabus Subtopics
Requirements specified in the UAT-UK framework
- 1Magnetic field patterns of permanent magnets, solenoids, and straight wires
- 2Motor effect force on current-carrying conductor: F = BIL sin θ (Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule)
- 3Magnetic flux Φ = BA and flux linkage NΦ
- 4Faraday’s law of induction: ε = -N (ΔΦ/Δt)
- 5Lenz’s law: induced EMF opposes the change creating it
- 6AC generators, slip rings, and alternating current waveforms
- 7Transformers: Vₚ / Vₛ = Nₚ / Nₛ and 100% efficiency power balance VₚIₚ = VₛIₛ
Sub-90 Exam Speed Tips
How top candidates solve this spec under the 88.8s clock
In step-up transformers, voltage increases so current decreases proportionally (Iₛ < Iₚ), reducing I²R transmission heating losses.
Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule is for motors/force (FBI: Force, Field, Current); Right-Hand Rule is for induced current in generators.
Examiners engineer distractor options using common algebraic expansions and sign slips. Always test structural ratios or invariants before calculating arithmetic values.
Tested Topics in Specification P2
Master the individual question patterns and Sub-90 shortcuts for this specification.
Magnetic Flux Patterns & Motor Effect Force on Current-Carrying Conductors (F = BIL)
In F = BIL = B(Q/t)L, L is strictly the perpendicular segment inside the magnetic field (in metres) and t must be in seconds. Parallel current wires attract; antiparallel wires repel.
Electromagnetic Induction (Faraday/Lenz Coil Graphs), AC Generators & Transformer Scaling (Vₚ/Vₛ = Nₚ/Nₛ)
For any magnet-coil motion graph: (1) Induced V = 0 whenever magnet velocity v = 0; (2) V flips sign on return journey; (3) Faster return = taller, narrower peak (same area ∫V dt = ΔΦ).
Ready to Master Specification P2 Under Exam Conditions?
Practice timed questions under the authentic Pearson VUE interface with live split stopwatch pacing, dry-wipe scratchpad, and distractor forensics.